| |
|
| |
| Candida
sp. - This genus contains a variety of organisms
that have been isolated from the environment, as well as human
skin and mucous membranes. |
| |
| Candida albicans - Found in animals and in man.
Has been isolated from the skin and mucosa of man, but has also been recovered
from leaves, flowers, water, and soil. Reported to be allergenic. A common
cause of superficial infection, oral and vaginal infection, sepsis, and
disseminated disease. Cells from the organism are usually not airborne and
are considered to be a normal component of the flora of mouth and other
mucous membranes in the body. Thrush and other diseases caused by Candida
albicans usually occur after prolonged treatment with antibiotics or steroids.
No toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida ciferrii - Found in soils. Considered
to be allergenic. A common cause of superficial infection isolated from
ears, skin, nails, and eyes. No toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida glabrata - Found associated with man,
mammals, birds, fruit juices, and insects. Considered to be allergenic.
Implicated in sepsis, persistent urinary tract infections, and refracatory
vaginitis. A major emerging pathogen in nosocomial disease. No toxic diseases
have been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida guilliermondii - Found associated with
man and other mammals, brewery products, vegetation, and insects. Considered
to be allergenic. Implicated in sepsis, urinary tract infections, respiratory
speciments, brain abscesses, skin and nail cultures. No toxic diseases have
been documented to date. |
| |
Candida kefyr - Found in grains, dairy products,
man and other mammals. Considered to be allergenic. Rare cause of human
mycoses. May cause blood sepsis, invasive disease, and vaginitis, and urinary
tract infections. No toxic diseases have been documented to date.
|
| Candida krusei - Found in air samples, dairy
products, soil, man and other mammals. Considered to be allergenic. Involved
in sepsis and disseminated, invasive disease, includingendocarditis, peritonitis,
vaginitis, and urinary tract infections. No toxic diseases have been documented
to date. |
| |
| Candida lambica - Found in dairy products, fruit
juice, water, birds, and man. Considered to be allergenic. |
| |
| Candida lipolytica - Found in man and other
mammals, corn, olives, and hydrocarbons. Considered to be allergenic. Implicated
in sepsis, thrombophlebitis, and chronic sinusitis. No toxic diseases have
been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida lusitaniae - Found in man and other
mammals, birds, citris fruits, and pears. Considered to be allergenic. Implicated
in sepsis, especially in immunocompromised patients with underlying malignancy,
and urinary tract infection. No toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida parapsilosis - Found in man and other
mammals, tea, fruit juices, and water. Considered to be allergenic. Implicated
in sepsis. Associated with burn infections and endocarditis. No toxic diseases
have been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida rugosa - Found in dairy products, feces,
seawater, and insects. Considered to be allergenic. Implicated in sepsis.
Implicated in fungemia, burn infection, and glandular infections in cattle.
No toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida tropicalis - Found in humans and other
mammals, fruit, and water. Considered to be allergenic. Considered a true
pathogen of immunocompromised hosts. Implicated in sepsis, wound infections,
neonatal infections, and disseminated deep tissue infections. No toxic diseases
have been documented to date. |
| |
| Candida zeylanoides - Found in humans, soil,
meat, fish, and water. Considered to be allergenic. Implicated in sepsis,
endocarditis, fungal arthritis, skin and nail infections. No toxic diseases
have been documented to date. |
| |
| Cephalosporium sp. - See Acremonium sp. |
| |
| Chaetomium sp. - Large ascomycetous fungus producing
perithecia. It is found on a variety of substrates containing cellulose
including paper and plant compost. It can be readily found on the damp or
water damaged paper in sheetrock. |
| |
| Chaetomium atrobrunneum - This fungus is found
in the soil, air, and on plant debris. Should be considered as allergenic.
Has been implicated in fatal systemic mycoses. The thermophilic, neurotropic
nature of this organisms suggests it is a potentially agressive pathogen.
No toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Chaetomium globosum - This fungus is found in
the soil, air and on plant debris. Should be considered as allergenic. Is
considered an agent of onychomycosis, peritonitis, and cutaneous lesions.
Has been implicated in fatal systemic mycoses. No toxic diseases have been
documented to date. |
| |
| Chaetomium strumarium - This fungus is common
in warm soil and on plant debris. Should be considered as allergenic. Has
been implicated in fatal brain abscesses in drug abusers. No toxic diseases
have been documented to date. |
| |
| Chrysosporium
spp. - Widespread, common in the soil and on plants.
Rare agents of onychomycosis, skin lesions, endocarditis, and
uncommon agents of the pulmonary mycosis adiaspiromycosis. No
toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Cladophialophora
spp. - Widespread, common in the soil and on plant
debris. C. bantiana has been reported as a neurotropic agent
causing cerebral phaeohyphomycosis in the form of brain abscesses.
Skin lesions have also been reported. The organisms has also
been recovered from pulmonary sites. C. boppii has been associated
with skin lesions and a possible cause of chromoblastomycosis.
C. carrionii is almost exclusively associated with chromoblastomycosis,
which is generally restricted to subtropical areas. Most patients
have had long-term soil exposure with repeated trauma and tissue
injuries to the feet and legs. No toxic diseases have been documented
to date. |
| |
| Cladosporium sp. (Hormodendrum sp.) - Aw (water
activity) in the range of 0.84 to 0.88. Most commonly identified outdoor
fungus. The outdoor numbers are reduced in the winter. The numbers are often
high in the summer. Often found indoors in numbers less than outdoor numbers.
It is a common allergen. Indoor Cladosporium sp. may be different than the
species identified outdoors. It is commonly found on the surface of fiberglass
duct liner in the interior of supply ducts. A wide variety of plants are
food sources for this fungus. It is found on dead plants, woody plants,
food, straw, soil, paint and textiles. It can cause mycosis. Produces greater
than 10 antigens. Antigens in commercial extracts are of variable quality
and may degrade within weeks of preparation. Common cause of extrinsic asthma
(immediate-type hypersensitivity: type I). Acute symptoms include edema
and bronchiospasms, chronic cases may develop pulmonary emphysema. |
| |
| Cladosporium cladosporioides - Widespread distribution.
Together with C. herbarum compose the most common species on dead organic
matter and in the air. It is found on dead plants, woody plants, food, straw,
soil, paint and textiles. Reported allergen. Has been implicated in pulmonary
and cutaneous infections, possible sinus infection, mixed disseminated infections.
No toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Cladosporium herbarum - Widespread distribution.
Together with C. cladosporioides compose the most common species on dead
organic matter and in the air. It is found on dead plants, woody plants,
food, straw, soil, paint, and textiles. Reported allergen. Has been implicated
in cutaneous infections and keatitis. No toxic diseases have been documented
to date. |
| |
| Cladosporium macrocarpum - Common species on
dead organic matter and in the air. It is found on dead plants, woody plants,
food, straw, soil, paint, and textiles. Reported allergen. No toxic or invasive
diseases have been documented to date. |
| |
| Cladosporium sphaerospermum - Worldwide distribution.
Considered a secondary invader of plants, textiles, food and is common to
the soil, and air. Reported allergen. Implicated in skin lesions, corneal
ulcer, and onychomycosis. |
| |
| Cladosporium fulvum (Fulvia fulva) - Conidia
(spores) dimensions 12-47 x 4-10 microns. It is found on the leaves of tomatoes. |
| |
| Cryptostroma corticale - Conidia (spores) dimensions
4-6.5 x 3.5-4 microns. Found on the bark of maple and sycamore trees and
on stored logs. |
| |
| Conidobolus sp. - Can cause a chronic inflammatory
disease of the nasal mucosa (entomophthoromycosis). |
| |
| Cunninghamella sp. - Can cause disseminated
and pulmonary infections in immune compromised hosts. |
| |
| Curvularia sp. - Reported to be allergenic.
It may cause corneal infections, mycetoma and infections in immune compromised
hosts. |
| |
 |
| |
