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| Basidiomycetes - One of the major classes of
fungal organisms. This class contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, puffballs,
and a variety of other macrofungi. It is extremely difficult to identify
a specific genera of mushrooms by using standard culture plate techniques.
Some basidiomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology, however;
some care should be exercised with regard to specific identification. Many
basidiomycete spores are reported to be allergenic. |
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| Basidiobolus - Has been isolated from decaying
plants, soil, and from the fecal materials of frogs, reptiles, fish, and
bats. The relationship of these organisms to human occupied spaces potentiallly
suggests a common present of this genera of fungi in the indoor environments.
Should be considered allergenic. Basidiobolus ranarum rarely causes disease,
but has prinicipally been involved with trunk and extremity infection of
children in tropical countries. No toxic diseases have been documented to
date. |
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| Beauveria - Widespread in the soil with various
species being parasites of insects, the most notable geing Beauveria bassiana
which affects the silkworm. Not considered to be common to indoor environments.
Should be considered allergenic. Reported to cause mycotic keratitis and
occasional pulmonary infections. No toxic diseases have been documented
to date. |
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| Bipolaris sp. - A widespread fungus that is
most frequently associated with grasses, plant material, decaying food,
and soil. It is common to both indoor and outdoor environments. Older obsolete
names include Drechslera and Helminthosporium. This fungus produces large
spores which would be expected to be deposited in the upper respiratory
tract. Various species of this fungus can produce the mycotoxin - sterigmatocystin
which has been shown to produce liver and kidney damage when ingested by
laboratory animals. |
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| Bipolaris australiensis - A widespread fungus
that is most frequently associated with grasses, plant material, and soil.
Should be considered allergenic. Has also been reported as an infrequent
agent of phaeohyphomycosis, particularly fungal sinusitis. It can occasionally
cause a corneal infection of the eye. |
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| Bipolaris cynodontis. - A widespread fungus
that is most frequently associated with bermuda grass. Recoveries have been
made from human sinus and eyes, however; its exact role as a etiological
agent remain unclear. |
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| Bipolaris hawaiiensis - A widespread fungus
that is most frequently associated with grasses, plant material, and soil.
Should be considered allergenic. Common etiologic agent in fungal sinusitis.
Also reported cases of pulmonary and cerebral disease, menigoencephalitis,
and endophthalmitis. This organisms appears to be extremely agressive in
some settings, possibly neutrotropic. |
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| Bipolaris spicifera - A widespread fungus that
is most frequently associated with grasses and plant material, and soil.
Should be considered allergenic. Common etiologic agent in fungal sinusitis.
Also been reported as an agent of phaeohyphomycosis, particularly fungal
sinusitis. Disease also includes endocarditis, keratitis, osteomyelitis,
peritonitis, and meningoencephalitis. This is the most common Bipolaris
species implicated in human disease. |
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| Blastomyces sp. - Blastomyces dermatitidis-
Rare environmental isolates have been found in moist soil with high organic
content. Important human pathogen. It is a thermally dimorphic fungus which
has filamentous fungus when grown at 25 degrees C and a yeast form at 37
degrees C. Causes Blastomycosis in humans and animals involving pulmonary
invasion, followed by cutaneous, osteoarticular and genitourinary disease.
No toxic diseases have been documented to date. |
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Blastoschizomyces sp. - Blastoschizomyces capitatus
found in the soil, beach sand, as a normal flora of the skin, respiratory
and digestive tracts of humans. Invasive and disseminated infections have
been reported in immunocompromised patients. Cases of encephalitis and osteomyelitis
have also been reported. No toxic diseases have been documented to date.
Botrytis sp. - It is parasitic on plants, vegetables, and soft fruits but
may also be found in soil. Reported to be allergenic. No toxic or invasive
diseases have been documented to date. |
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